Integrated thermal management technology for electric vehicles
In the future, it can be called the electric vehicle era. Today, there are still many electric vehicles in operation. With the arrival of the electric vehicle era, the field of thermal management is more important than the existing internal combustion engine vehicles and continues to develop. Hope to show future technology trends and necessary technologies.
The thermal management of electric vehicles usually consists of five circuits:
The first is the PE cooling circuit, which can cool the power converter and motor. Usually, a radiator is used to cool the cooling water and waste onto the PE. The heat generated by PE can be used for heating, so heat exchanger and valve are equipped in the circuit.
The second is the circuit for cooling and heating the battery. When the battery temperature is high, the durability will be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to cool the battery to maintain proper temperature. It is obviously different from the external temperature. Please use the air conditioner refrigerant. When the difference between the external temperature and the battery temperature is large, that is, when the external temperature is high, there is a mode of using a second-hand refrigerator and cooling through the radiator. In addition, the battery thermal management circuit has a heating function to ensure fast charging performance and prevent output degradation in winter. Therefore, a battery heating mode is required to make the cooling water heater work.
The third is the heating circuit. In some cases, the PIC heater heated by air is used to heat the room. In the case that the cooling water is heated by the heater and the battery at the same time, the indoor radiator of the HeatPump is sometimes used.
The fourth is the refrigerant circuit. In conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, the refrigerant circuit is an air conditioning circuit used for indoor cooling, but in electric vehicles, in addition to indoor cooling, the cooling method used for battery cooling is self cooling. The heat pump circuit that drives computer cooling is mainly used for heating. The refrigerant circuit needs to be heated through waste heat recovery and proper distribution of cooling performance, and its functions are more and more complex.
Finally, it is computational cooling, which is an integral part of configuring an autonomous vehicle.
The next important part in the field of thermal management technology is modularization, which integrates parts. The purpose of modularization is to improve the factory automation rate, reduce assembly costs, and achieve complex specification management functions within the module, so as to effectively produce a small number of various types.
The integrated thermal management module has been put in the first place in the vehicle design. Most thermal management components have been modularized. Modularization has the effect of improving the layout by reducing the volume occupied by the system. Due to the volume of the part itself, the integration module must first be reviewed for the overall vehicle layout.
The management circuit of an electric vehicle is like an electronic device, which can be said to have the same shape as a PCB, requiring complex circuits, integrated module types and intelligent control. This circuit is considered to be similar to the era of the quasi future country. At that time, the mainstream technology has not been determined. In addition, with the change of the internal shape of the vehicle, it is necessary to develop a suitable thermal management circuit concept, which is very beneficial to the development regardless of the existing concept.
